Xisaabiyaha amaahdii guriga

Xisaabiyaha bolån: xisaabi si caqli leh (oo faham natiijada)

bolån marar badan ma aha oo keliya “dulsaar × amaah”. Sweden gudaheeda, kharashka bille waxa saameeya lacagta hormarinta, belåningsgrad, shuruudaha amorteringskrav iyo mararka qaarkood kordhinta ratio-ga amaah/dakhli. Xisaabiyuhu wuxuu kuu oggolaanayaa inaad si degdeg ah u tijaabiso xaalado kala duwan, u diyaar garowdo kulanka bangiga, isla markaana aad u samayso stress test si aad u hubiso in miisaaniyaddaadu adkaysan karto.

Hagahan wuxuu kaa caawinayaa:

• inaad fahanto waxa xisaabiyuhu dhab ahaantii xisaabiyo
• inaad akhrido natiijooyinka (dulsaar vs amortisation)
• inaad samayso stress test fudud adigoo adeegsanaya kalkylränta
• inaad ka fogaato khaladaadka caadiga ah marka aad isbarbar dhigto

Ku bilow xog sax ah

Natiijadu waxay ku xirnaanaysaa xogta aad geliso. Hal bilow oo fiican:

• Qiimaha guriga: ka bilow qiimaha iibka. Haddii aad rabto inaad deyn ku darto dayactir, waxaad ku dari kartaa qaybtaas (haddii bangigu oggolaado inay ka mid noqoto bolån).
• Lacag hormarin (kontantinsats): lacagta aad isla markaaba bixiso.
• Dulsaarka sanadlaha: geli heerka aad filayso ama isticmaal kalkylränta ka sarreeya stress test.
• Dakhliga guud ee qoyska: wadarta bruto bishii ee qof kasta oo amaahda ku jira.
• Muddada bixinta: waxaa loo adeegsadaa in lagu qiyaaso dulsaarka guud waqti dheer (waxay ku fiicantahay isbarbar dhig).

Talo: marka aad laba guri isbarbar dhigto, dulsaar iyo dakhli isku mid ah dhig oo kaliya beddel qiime/lacag hormarin. Saameynta belåningsgrad iyo heerarka amortisation-ka ayaa si cad u muuqanaysa.

bolånetak: 85% waa xad cad

Sweden waxaa ka jira bolånetak: bolån caadi ahaan ma dhaafi karo 85% qiimaha guriga. Taas micnaheedu waa:

• Waxaad u baahan tahay ugu yaraan 15% lacag hormarin si aad uga hoos marto 85%.
• Haddii aad ka sarreyso 85%, badanaa waa inaad kordhisaa lacagta hormarinta ama aad isticmaashaa maalgelin kale (tusaale amaah aan dammaanad lahayn), taas oo aad u qaali noqon karta.

Xisaabiyaha wuxuu ku tusayaa belåningsgrad (amaahda % qiimaha). Haddii ay ka sarreyso 85%, u qaado inay tahay digniin aad ku hagaajinayso qorshaha.

amorteringskrav: sababta 50% iyo 70% muhiim u yihiin

Amortisation-ka ma aha kaliya “in aad degdeg u bixiso”. Sweden gudaheeda wuxuu noqon karaa qasab. Fududayn caadi ah:

• Belåningsgrad 50–70% → ugu yaraan 1% sanadkii
• Belåningsgrad ka sarreeya 70% → ugu yaraan 2% sanadkii

Waxaa kale oo jiri kara kordhin:

• Ratio amaah/dakhli ka sarreeya 4.5× (amaahda marka loo eego dakhliga sanadlaha ee qoyska) → 1% sanadkii dheeraad ah

Macnaha: laba qoys oo amaah isku mid ah leh waxay yeelan karaan kharash bille oo kala duwan, iyadoo ku xiran dakhli iyo lacag hormarin.

Sida loo fahmo natiijooyinka (farqi muhiim ah)

Natiijooyinka waxaad ka arki kartaa:

• Kharashka bille (dulsaar + amortisation)
• Kharashka dulsaar bille
• Amortisation-ka ugu yar bille
• Dulsaarka guud muddada iyo Wadarta la bixiyo

Farqiga muhiimka ah:

• Kharashka bille ee xisaabiyaha wuxuu ku dhisan yahay dulsaar + amortisation-ka ugu yar ee qasab ah.
• Taasi mar walba ma aha isla qadarka loo baahan yahay si deynta loo bixiyo si buuxda muddo ahaan sida aad gelisay.

Muddada bixinta waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu barbardhigo kharashka muddo dheer (dulsaarka guud). Sweden gudaheeda, amorteringskrav ayaa badanaa dejisa heerka ugu yar.

Stress test adigoo adeegsanaya kalkylränta

Bangiyada badanaa waxay adeegsadaan kalkylränta ka sarreeya heerkaaga maanta marka ay samaynayaan KALP (kvar-att-leva-på). Waxaad samayn kartaa stress test degdeg ah:

• Dhig dulsaar “adag” laakiin macquul ah (tusaale +2–3 dhibcood marka loo eego heerkaaga caadiga ah).
• Qiimaha iyo lacagta hormarinta iska daa sida ay yihiin.
• Isbarbar dhig kharashka bille oo hubi in miisaaniyaddaadu wali leedahay margin.

Xeer wax ku ool ah: ha tirtirin kaydkaaga. Cadaadisku badanaa wuxuu yimaadaa marka dulsaar kaco isla markaana kharashaad kale ay kordhaan (koronto, khidmadaha, cunto, caymis).

Khaladaadka caadiga ah marka la isbarbar dhigo bolån

• In la eego dulsaar kaliya: qiimo-dhimis yar way fiicnaan kartaa, laakiin belåningsgrad iyo amortisation waxay saameyn karaan kharashka bille si la mid ah.
• In la illoobo kharashaadka kale ee guryaha: khidmad/qarashyo socod, dayactir, caymis, koronto. Ku dar khad gaar ah miisaaniyadda.
• In la dhayalsado saameynta lacag hormarin: lacag hormarin oo badan waxay ku geyneysaa hoos xuduudaha muhiimka ah (85%, 70%, 50%).
• In la isku qaldo bruto iyo neto: ratio amaah/dakhli badanaa bruto ayuu ku salaysan yahay, laakiin awoodda bixinta waxay ku xirnaanaysaa waxa ka haray canshuur iyo kharashaad go’an ka dib.

Liis kooban oo aad bangiga u qaadato

Ka dib marka aad tijaabiso dhowr xaaladood, qoro:

• belåningsgrad (%) gaar ahaan haddii aad ku dhowdahay 85%
• amortisation-ka ugu yar bille iyo haddii 4.5× kordhintu shaqaynayso
• kharashka bille ee stress test oo leh kalkylränta ka sarreysa
• inta kayd (buffer) ah ee kuu hartay miisaaniyadda bille

Taasi waxay ka dhigaysaa wada hadalka shuruudaha, dulsaar iyo qaabka amortisation mid aad u cad.

Muhiim

Xeerarka iyo habraacyada bangiyada way is beddeli karaan, sidoo kalena si kala duwan ayaa loo dabaqi karaa iyadoo ku xiran xaaladda. Isticmaal xisaabiyaha sidii taageero go’aan, isla markaana mar walba xaqiiji shuruudaha iyo waxyaabaha looga baahan yahay bangigaaga.